盐间非砂岩低渗透油藏中原油运移动力学分析

独特的江汉盆地潜江凹陷潜江组盐间非砂岩油藏生储同层 ,盐岩封盖条件极佳 ,但储集层渗透能力极低 ,油气运移条件差。目前的众多证据表明 ,就是在渗透能力如此低下的盐间层中 ,非断裂区的原油也顺层发生了一定规模的运移。在压实作用、流体热增压、有机质生烃生气增压以及毛细管压差等应力作用下 ,盐间原油得以从烃源岩层中排除 ,并在低渗透的盐间层运移主干道中顺层侧向 (或断裂区垂向穿层 )从生烃次洼向构造高部位等低势区聚集。从动力学的角度证明了盐间非砂岩低渗透油藏中原油顺层运移的可能性 ,并指出了盐间石油的运移方向和有利聚集区。     

便携式气相色谱仪在VOCs污染源监测中的应用

便携式气相色谱仪（Portable GC）是一种能在野外现场完成对VOCs气体进行分析测试的新型气相色谱仪，该仪器完全避免VOCs监测中的样品的保存问题。通过对这种仪器性能与操作，以及用针筒、塑料袋采集3苯（苯、甲苯、二甲苯）的采样评价实验，探讨了便携式气相色谱仪在VOCs污染源监测中的应用。     

土地利用的环境影响经济评价方法探讨

环境影响经济评价是利用计量经济学的理论和方法，通过费用效益分析，对人类社会经济活动施予环境影响的损益做出定量的分析和对比的一种方法。通过评价提出环境经济合理可靠的方案，作为制定社会经济政策和环境保护措施的决策依据。此种方法在各种不同层次的规划设计中具有广泛的应用，用此方法来对开发区土地利用进行环境经济评价是一次新的尝试。以某开发区为例来研究环境影响经济评价在开发区土地利用中的应用。     

4种农药流失性质的研究

对４种农药的流失性质，进行了实验室和田间的试验研究，结果表明，水溶性农药乐果和杀虫单，有较低的土壤水分配比，较强的渗滤性和淋洗性，较易流失并污染水环境。脂溶性农药氰戊菊酯易被土壤强烈吸附，较难渗及被淋洗，不易流失，对水环境污染较轻。丁草胺的流失性质介于水溶性农药与脂溶性农药之间。     

Ozone distribution in central Italy and its effect on crop productivity

The focus of the present study was to assess the ozone levels in a typical area of the Mediterranean basin, viz. Tuscany (central Italy). Eighty-thousand hourly mean ozone concentrations were recorded by 10 automatic analysers in the districts of Florence, Pisa, Lucca and Prato, from May to September 1995 to 1997. The highest daily mean concentrations were reached in Florence, with a maximum hourly average of 197 ppb. In Lucca and Pisa, the peaks were close to 100 ppb. Data from Prato were much lower. Long-term critical levels for vegetation, as set by United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), were constantly exceeded in Florence and Pisa, occasionally in Lucca, never in Prato. The results were used to fit exposure/yield response relationships proposed by UNECE and US National Crop Loss Assessment Network for some important crops. The estimated yield losses varied in Florence from 8% for corn and alfalfa to 27% for soybean, in Pisa from 5% for corn to 24% for soybean, in Lucca from 3% for corn to 17% for soybean. A preliminary economic estimate for corn, wheat, barley, soybean, tomato and alfalfa, calculated annual damage to be 4.6 M Euro in Florence, 0.5 M Euro in Lucca and 3 M Euro in Pisa. The picture must be regarded as only partial, as exposure/yield response relationships for important Italian crops (such as grapevine and vegetables) are not available.     

不同林地清理方式对杉木幼林生态系统水土流失的影响

利用径流小区定位观测法对不同林地清理方式林地的水、土、肥流失及产流过程进行的６年定位研究结果表明：不同林地清理方式导致了林地水、土、肥流失的较大差异。随时间推移，这种差异在缩小。林地缺少采伐剩余物覆盖及炼山时有机质烧失是炼山林地严重水土流失的重要原因。在影响南方杉木造林地水土流失诸因子中，炼山是首要因子。     

东湖水污染经济损失研究

建立了多种污染物并存时湖泊水污染经济损失与湖泊水质之间的关系模型.通过东湖水污染经济损失的实例分析,为东湖饮水、养殖能否兼顾;污养、污灌是否利大于弊等问题的决策提供了科学依据.     

Incidence of abortion after genetic amniocentesis in twin pregnancies

Fetal outcome after genetic amniocentesis (AC) in viable twin pregnancies was analysed in a retrospective study at three centres in order to estimate the rate of fetal loss after AC. The maternal age ranged from 33 to 45 years (mean 36.7 years). The gestational age varied between 15 and 20 weeks of gestation (mean 17.1). In 98 viable twin pregnancies with complete follow-up, spontaneous abortion of both fetuses occurred within 28 completed weeks of gestation in eight pregnancies and six women aborted within 20 completed weeks of gestation after AC, corresponding to a rate of fetal loss of 8.1 and 6.1 per cent, respectively (excluding the loss of five twins with viable outcome of the co-twin in five pregnancies).     

大连市环境污染经济损失估算

在大量的社会调查的基础上，采用市场价值法、人力资本法、恢复费用法、机会成本法和调查评价法，分别估算了大连市大气污染、水污染、噪声污染和固体废物污染造成的损失费用。估算结果表明：大连市1996年环境污染损失为12．53亿元，约占当年GDP的1．71％。     

酸沉降对重庆南岸马尾松针叶林年生物生产量的影响及其经济损失的估算

利用生态学方法研究了酸沉降对重庆南岸马尾松针叶林和樟树阔叶林年生物生产量及年材积生长量的影响．在野外调查观测的基础上，用多元逐步回归法分析了诸多环境因子对两种森林生态系统年生物生产量的影响，并估算了酸沉降引起的重庆南岸（酸雨严重危害地区）马尾松针叶林的年材积损失量和生态经济损失值．结果表明，在诸多环境因子中，土壤有机质含量、降水ｐＨ值、土层厚度及坡度是影响马尾松针叶林生长的主导因子，其与生物量的相关系数分别为０．９９４０、０．９７６２、０．９７３８、０．９４３６．由此引起的重庆南岸马尾松针叶林的直接经济损失达３０３．３２万元／ａ；酸沉降对樟树阔叶林无显著影响，建议在该地区发展樟树阔叶林．